Plato establishes the first school of philosophy
Philosophy
-387
Peter Abelard, theologian and philosopher, falls in love with Heloise
Culture
1120
Translations of Averroes by Michael Scot reach Paris
Philosophy
1210
Erasmus criticizes church in "Praise of Folly"
Religion
1511
Rene Descartes publishes "Meditations"
Philosophy
1641
Baruch Spinoza publishes Tractatus Theologica-Politicus in 1670.
Philosophy
1670
John Locke publishes Treatises of Government in 1690
Philosophy
1690
Voltaire publishes "Letters Concerning the English Nation"
Philosophy
1733
David Hume publishes Treatise of Human Nature in 1734-37.
Philosophy
1737
Montesquieu publishes "The Spirit of Laws"
Philosophy
1748
The 'public sphere' comes of age
Philosophy
1750
Diderot publishes Encyclopedie, the "Bible of the European Enlightenment"
Science
1751
Rousseau publishes The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right
Philosophy
1762
Adam Smith publishes "The Wealth of Nations," the first modern study of economics
Philosophy
1776
Kant publishes 'What is Enlightenment"
Philosophy
1784
Immanuel Kant publishes the second edition of "Critique of Pure Reason"
Philosophy
1787
Immanuel Kant publishes "Critique of Practical Reason"
Philosophy
1788
Condorcet writes on perfecting the human mind & analyzing intellectual history
Philosophy
1795
Hegel publishes "The Phenomenology of Spirit" in 1807
Philosophy
1807
Saint-Simon writes that men engaged in useful work was the basis of equality
Philosophy
1818
Emerson formulates the philosophy of transcendentalism in his essay "Nature"
Philosophy
1836
Kierkegaard: Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
Philosophy
1846
Antebellum colleges teach moral philosophy to rebute David Hume's skepticism
Education
1859
Prior to the Civil War, religious colleges taught intelligent design and evolution
Education
1859
Guiseppe Mazzini, a leader of Italian unification, publishes "Duties of Man"
Philosophy
1860
Frederich Nietzsche publishes Thus Spake Zarathustra in 1883-85
Philosophy
1885
Ludwig Wittgenstein publishes Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus in 1921
Philosophy
1921
Albert Camus publishes "The Stranger"
Philosophy
1942
Jean-Paul Sartre writes "Being and Nothingness"
Philosophy
1943
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin publishes "The Phenomenon of Man"
Philosophy
1959
Arnold J. Toynbee completes "A Study of History"
Philosophy
1961