Excerpts from Books and Wikipedia
"Italian city-states and Holy Roman Empire v French and Italian allies"; [Smithsonian]
"The Italian Wars, often referred to as the Great Italian Wars or the Great Wars of Italy and sometimes as the Habsburg–Valois Wars or the Renaissance Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, most of the major states of Western Europe (France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, and Scotland) as well as the Ottoman Empire. Originally arising from dynastic disputes over the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, the wars rapidly became a general struggle for power and territory among their various participants, and were marked with an increasing number of alliances, counter-alliances, and betrayals." The main wars are: Italian War of 1494-98; Italian War of 1499-1504; War of the League of Cambrai; Italian War of 1521-26; War of the League of Cognac; Italian War of 1536-38; Italian War of 1542-46; and Italian War of 1551-50; [Wikipedia] "Italian Wars will eventually lead to the downfall of the Italian city-states." [Wikipedia: Timeline of Middle Ages]