Excerpts from Books and Wikipedia
"After 1018, no caliph managed to rule in Cordoba for more than a few years, and few of the claimants died a natural death. In 1031, the last man to try to claim the title died, and al-Andalus fell apart into a fragmentation of little city-states. Their kings were called reyes de taifas, the 'party kings,' each the head of his own tiny political movement. Some were Arab, others were Berber. Over the next half-century, over thirty of these taifa kingdoms would blanket the former territory of the caliphate." [Bauer; Medieval World, p. 615]
North Africans are known as "Moors" during the Al-Andalus era (711-1492)
Geography
711
Future pope begins 3 yrs. of school in Catalonia exposing him to Islamic sciences
Education
967
Al-Mansur leads destructive raid of Santiago de Compostela taking church bells
War
997
Abu 'Amir al-Mansur (Almanzor) dies in battle at Calatanazor in Spain
War
1002
Lavish palace on outskirts of Cordoba, Madinat al-Zahra, destroyed by Berbers
War
1009
Revolution in poetry spreads from Iberian Peninsula to all of Europe
Arts
1050
Upon his death, Ferdinand's kingdoms divided by his three sons
Government
1065
Iglesia de San Roman built in the aftermath of Christian Reconquest of Toledo
Architecture
1085
Alfonso VI conquers Toledo causing panic among the remaining Muslim taifas
War
1085
Alfonso VI meets invading armies from the south, the Almoravids
War
1086
Catholic church rules that capturing Zaragoza in Almoravid Spain is a crusade
Religion
1118
Battle of Huete is turning point for Christian kingdoms in Reconquista
War
1172
Gerard of Cremona translates scientific books from Arabic into Latin in Toledo
Science
1175
Almohad Caliphate defeats the Kingdom of Castile at Battle of Alarcos
War
1195
Christians win at Las Navas de Tolosa after Pope calls Crusade against Almohads
Religion
1212
Ferdinand III captures Cordoba for the Reconquista after a seige of several months
War
1236
Alfonso X takes the throne of Castile-Leon with Jews, Christians, and Muslims
Government
1252
"The Book of the Ladder" or "Miraj" in its original Arabic is translated
Arts
1264
Sicilian Vespers rebellion begins in Palermo to oust French rule by Charles I
War
1282
Sea Battle of Malta: King Pedro of Aragon defeats King Charles, Duke of Anjou
War
1283
Shipborne artillery was developed in about 1350 in Europe
Invention
1350
Battle of Najera: Black Prince fights for Pedro the Cruel in Castilian civil war
War
1367
King Joao preserves independence of Portugal by defeating army of Castile
War
1385
Portuguese defeat Castilians at the Battle of Aljubarrota
War
1385