Excerpts from Books and Wikipedia
The goal of the Fifth Crusade of 1217-1221 was to win back the Holy Land by conquering the Ayyubid state of Egypt, but the crusaders were defeated by Sultan Al-Kamil. [Furtado: 1001 Days] "Between 1215 and 1229, the Fourth Lateran Council calls for crusade, the Albigensian Wars end, the Franciscan and Dominican orders are recognized, and the Council of Toulouse authorizes a new form of inquiry [the Inquisition]." [Bauer: Renaissance World, p. 257] "[T]he Crusade against the so-called Albigensians, a starkly puritanical heresy, also decimated the social and political structures of the once flourishing courts of Provence, the same courts, with intimate ties to those of northern Spain and al-Andalus, where the troubadours had wrought the first canonical secular literature of the modern Western tradition. Sung in defiance of the previously omnipotent Latin written tradition and often performed on a range of new instruments that challenged the traditional sounds of religious music, their songs of impossible love flourished throughout the twelfth century as the cultural chic of the times." [Menocal: Ornament of the World, p. 45-6]