Guiseppe Mazzini, a leader of Italian unification, publishes "Duties of Man"

Excerpts from Books and Wikipedia

"Giuseppe Mazzini (…) was an Italian politician, journalist, activist for the unification of Italy, and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. . . . Mazzini rejected the Marxist doctrines of class struggle and materialism, and stressed the need for class collaboration, making him an enemy of both communism and capitalism. . . . Mazzini described himself as a Christian and emphasized the necessity of faith and a relationship with God, while vehemently denouncing rationalism and atheism. . . . For him, European unification was a logical continuation of Italian unification. . . . Mazzini formulated a concept known as thought and action . . . Therefore rejecting intellectualism and the notion of divorcing theory from practice. He likewise rejected the concept of the "rights of man" which had developed during the Age of Enlightenment, arguing instead that individual rights were a duty to be won through hard work, sacrifice and virtue, rather than "rights" which were intrinsically owed to man." [Wikipedia]