Excerpts from Books and Wikipedia
"In December 1828, with Jackson safely elected, the Georgia state legislature proceeded against the Cherokees, confident that the incoming administration would not interfere. The legislature unilaterally declared that starting in June 1830, state laws would extend over the Cherokee Nation, notwithstanding the federal treaties of 1785 and subsequent years. . . . Indian Removal held the place in Jackson's vision that internal improvements occupied in that of John Quincy Adams: the key to national development. . . . To him, the practice of dealing with Indian tribes through treaties was 'an absurdity'' the government should simply impose its will on them. Nevertheless, the administration's Indian Removal Bill called for another round of treaty-making, intended to secure the complete removal of the Native Americans to west of the Mississippi River. . . . Jackson told the Native Americans 'to emigrate beyond the Mississippi or submit to the laws of those States.' Submission to the laws of Georgia for a Creek or Cherokee meant not being able to vote, sue, own property, testify against a white person, or obtain credit."