Excerpts from Books and Wikipedia
"The so-called Boxer Rising of 1900 was indeed a mass movement, whose vanguard was formed by the organization Fist-fighters for Justice and Unity which was a sprig of the large and ancient Buddhist secret society known as the White Lotus. Yet, for obvious reasons, the cutting edge of these rebellions was militantly xenophobic and anti-modern. It was directed against foreigners, Christianity and machines. While it provided some of the force for a Chinese revolution it could provide neither programme nor perspective for it." [Hobsbawm: Empire, p. 282]