Excerpts from Books and Wikipedia
"Egyptian writing develops 100 years after cuneiform. This script begins as a form of picture writing and includes signs for words and also sounds. It remains in use until the 4th century CE." [Smithsonian, p. 28] "Narmer Palette: This carved piece of green siltstone records the triumph of the legendary King Narmer of Upper Egypt over his enemies. . . . By the end of the 4th millennium BCE, farming communities had evolved into two kingdoms: Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt in the north. King Narmer united the two kingdoms c. 3100 BCE." [Smithsonian, p. 24]