Events - Browse By Category - War

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Hyksos invade Egypt with chariots
-1700
War, Egypt
Pharaoh Thutmose III reestablishes dominance in Palestine at Megiddo
-1479
War, Middle East
Minoan civilization of Crete destroyed by Mycenaeans
-1400
War, Greece
Ramses II fights Hittites in indecisive battle at Kadesh in Syria
-1274
War, Middle East
Fall of Troy
-1260
War, Greece
Joshua leads Hebrews across Jordan River to fight Philistines & Canaanites
-1230
War, Israel
Fall of Hittite Empire--Hattusa captured by Sea Peoples
-1190
War, Mesopotamia
"Sea People" invade eastern Mediterranean including Egypt--Bronze Age collapse
-1177
War, Middle East
Elamites sack Babylon--end of Kassite Dynasty
-1155
War, Mesopotamia
Conquest by Nubian/Kushite rulers from Napata, close to the 4th Cataract
-747
War, Egypt
Assyrians invade Judea
-701
War, Mesopotamia
Assyrians destroy Babylon
-689
War, Mesopotamia
Assyrian Esarhaddon takes Memphis forcing Egypt to pay tribute
-671
War, Egypt
Assyrian Assurbanipal sacks Thebes but retreats because of rebellion in Babylon
-667
War, Egypt
By 630 BC, Messene has become a subject city of Sparta
-630
War, Greece
Nebuchadnezzar II leads battle against Egyptians with heavy losses on both sides
-601
War, Egypt
Jerusalem destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar II
-539
War, Mesopotamia
Egyptians defeated by Cambyses at Battle of Pelusium
-525
War, Egypt
Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon
-490
War, Greece
Xerxes wins Battle of Thermopylae, but loses to the Greeks at Salamis
-480
War, Greece
Greeks defeat Persians at Battle of Platea--made possible the golden age of Greece
-479
War, Greece
Artaxerxes sends Ezra to restore order in Judea
-460
War, Israel
Pericles gives oration for dead from Peloponnesian War during the past 12 months
-431
War, Greece
After invading Syracuse in -415, Athens loses complete expeditionary force
-415
War, Greece
Battle of Aegispotami
-405
War, Greece
Athens surrenders
-404
War, Greece
Xenophon and the '10,000' expedition in Asia Minor lasting until 399 BC
-401
War, Greece
Etruscan city of Veii conquered, ending the supremacy of Etruscans
-396
War, Roman Republic
Gauls lay seige to the Roman capitol
-390
War, Roman Republic
Alexander assumes throne and defeats revolting Greeks after his father is killed
-366
War, Greece
Battle of Mantinea--Thebans led Boeotian league against Spartans
-362
War, Greece
Philip II Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at Battle of Chaeronea
-338
War, Greece
Alexander defeats Darius at the Battle of Issus
-333
War, Middle East
Alexander the Great invades Egypt
-332
War, Egypt
Alexander founds Alexandria
-331
War, Middle East
Alexander defeats Darius at Battle of Gaugamela
-331
War, Middle East
Alexander dies and wars of successors (diodachi) begin
-323
War, Middle East
Chandra Gupta Maurya sets up Mauryan Empire
-322
War, India
Battle of Gaoping: Qin army defeats Zhao, burying 400,000 men alive
-260
War, China
China unites under Zheng, king of Qin, who becomes Shi Huangdi, First Emperor
-221
War, China
Hannibal leads Carthagian army across the Alps to attack Rome
-218
War, Roman Republic
Hannibal defeats Roman legions at Cannae
-216
War, Roman Republic
Romans defeat Hannibal's brother, Hasdrubal Barca, at Battle of Metaurus River
-207
War, Italy
Winning the Battle of Kai-hsia, Kao-ti becomes first emperor of the Han dynasty
-203
War, China
Lui Bang, a former peasant, establishes the Han dynasty
-202
War, China
Scipio defeats Hannibal at Battle of Zama, near Carthage, to end Second Punic War
-202
War, Roman Republic
Roman Legion defeats Macedonian Phalanx at Battle of Cynoscephalae
-197
War, Greece
Macedonians forced out of Greece
-196
War, Roman Republic
Roman legion defeats Macedonians at Pydna in northern Greece
-168
War, Roman Republic
Sciopio Aemilianus (grandson of Scipio Africanus) destroys Carthage
-146
War, Roman Republic
Macedonia becomes Roman province
-146
War, Roman Republic
Perganum becomes Roman province
-133
War, Roman Republic
Spartacus leads slave revolt
-71
War, Roman Republic
Rome occupies the Seleucid Empire
-64
War, Roman Republic
Rome defeats Mithridates of Pontus annexing Armenia and Asia Minor
-63
War, Roman Republic
Julius Caesar leads legions into Britain for the first time
-55
War, Roman Republic
Parthians defeat Crassus and army of 50,000 men at Carrhae in Mesopotamia
-53
War, Roman Republic
Julius Caesar crushes the Gauls at Alesia
-52
War, Roman Republic
Caesar crosses Rubicon
-49
War, Roman Republic
Pompey defeated by Caesar at Pharsalus
-48
War, Roman Republic
Triumvirate defeats Cassius and Brutus at Philippi
-42
War, Roman Republic
Battle of Naulochus
-36
War, Roman Republic
Mark Antony loses to Octavian and Agrippa at Battle of Actium--Roman Empire begins
-31
War, Roman Republic
Octavian (later Emperor Augustus) invades Egypt
-30
War, Egypt
After defeating Mark Anthony, Octavian becomes the first emperor
-27
War, Roman Empire
Battle of Teutoburg Forest--3 Roman legions defeated by German tribesmen
9
War, Roman Empire
Romans begin occupation of Britain under Emperor Claudius
43
War, Roman Empire
Jewish rebels defeat a Roman legion at the Battle of Beth-horon
66
War, Israel
Titus destroys Jerusalem and temple
70
War, Roman Empire
Jerusalem becomes a Roman colony under Emperor Hadrian
136
War, Roman Empire
The Han Dynasty ends on the Yangtze River after the Battle of Red Cliffs
208
War, China
Sasanian Persians defeat Romans and capture Emperor Valerian at Edessa
260
War, Roman Empire
Constantine defeats Maxentius in Battle of the Milvian Bridge to the west of Rome
312
War, Roman Empire
Constantine reunites empire by defeating Lincinius, eastern emperor
324
War, Roman Empire
Visigoths defeat Valens at Battle of Adrianople
378
War, Roman Empire
Battle of the Fei River: Fu Jian fails to reunify China
383
War, China
Theodosius I defeats Western Roman ruler Eugenius at the Battle of Frigidus River
394
War, Italy
Alaric leads Visigoths in invasion of Greece
401
War, Greece
Visigoths sack Rome--first breach of walls in 800 years
410
War, Roman Empire
Vandals invade North Africa and build pirate kingdom
429
War, North Africa
Christian Armenia is subdued by Zoroastrian Persians in Battle of Bertanantz
451
War, Middle East
Attila the Hun defeated at the Catalaunian Plains by Aetius (Battle of Chalons)
451
War, Roman Empire
The Western Roman Empire falls after victory by the barbarian Odovacar
476
War, Roman Empire
Battle of Tricameron--Belisarius ends Vandal empire and controls North Africa
533
War, North Africa
Lombards invade Italy taking northern Italy from Byzantine Empire
568
War, Byzantine Empire
Maurice defeats Sassanians and wins battles in Balkans and Italy
582
War, Byzantine Empire
Battle of Heavenfield restores Christianity to Northumbria
633
War, England (<1707)
In August, Muslim forces defeat Byzantine army of Heraclius at Battle of Yarmouk
636
War, Byzantine Empire
In November, Muslims win battle of Qadissiya over Sassanid Empire
636
War, Islamic Empire
Muslims conquer Jerusalem and remain in control of the city until 1099
638
War, Islamic Empire
Constans II wages war to regain Italy
663
War, Byzantine Empire
Arabs begin seige of Constantinople and abandon it 4 years later
674
War, Islamic Empire
Byzantine and Arab armies meet south of Black Sea at Battle of Sebastopolis
694
War, Islamic Empire
Umayyad conquest of Hispania under Tarik
711
War, Spain
Moslem forces abandon Seige of Constantinople after defeat by Byzantines
717
War, Turkey
The Franks under Charles Martel defeat the Arabs at the Battle of Tours
732
War, France
Arabs make Islam the dominant religion of central Asia after the Battle of Talas
751
War, Islamic Empire
Charlemagne aids Pope Hadrian to defeat Lombards at the Seige of Pavia
773
War, Italy
Basques at Roncesvalles destroy Charlemagne's rearguard--becomes epic poem
778
War, Spain
Vikings cross the North Sea and plunder the monastery of Lindisfarne
793
War, England (<1707)
Formula for gunpowder (saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal) discovered in China
800
War, China
Egbert (Wessex) defeats Mercians at Battle of Ellandun, becoming leading kingdom
825
War, England (<1707)
Muslims invade Byzantine Sicily--finally conquered in 965
827
War, Italy
Kenneth MacAlpin becomes the first king of Scotland
843
War, Scotland
Carolingian Empire declines after 100 Viking ship sail down Seine to plunder Paris
845
War, Europe
African (Zanj) slaves revolt against Abbasid caliph and set up their own capital
868
War, Islamic Empire
Alfred, the king of Wessex, defeats the Danes at the Battle of Edington
878
War, England (<1707)
Battle of Tettenhall won by King Edward the Elder, son of King Alfred
910
War, England (<1707)
Byzantines lose Balkans to Bulgaria in Battle of Anchialus
917
War, Balkan States
Magyar advance into Germany stopped by army of Henry the Fowler
933
War, Germany
Buyids capture Baghdad
945
War, Islamic Empire
Otto I the Great subdues the Magyars, nomadic horsemen, at the Battle of Lechfeld
955
War, Germany
Al-Mansur leads destructive raid of Santiago de Compostela taking church bells
997
War, Spain
Mahmud, a Turk and a Sunni, becomes new emir of Ghazni (the Ghaznavid Empire)
998
War, Islamic Empire
Mahmud of Ghazni invades India and conquers the Punjab
1001
War, India
Abu 'Amir al-Mansur (Almanzor) dies in battle at Calatanazor in Spain
1002
War, Spain
Lavish palace on outskirts of Cordoba, Madinat al-Zahra, destroyed by Berbers
1009
War, Europe
Germany's Henry II (canonized a saint in 1146) becomes Holy Roman Emperor
1014
War, Italy
Basil II, the Bulgar Slayer, has Bulgarian prisoners blinded after battle
1015
War, Balkan States
Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad becoming major players in the Muslim world
1055
War, Islamic Empire
William, Duke of Normandy, defeats King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings
1066
War, England (<1707)
Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine forces at Battle of Manzikert
1071
War, Islamic Empire
Robert Guiscard wins victory at Palermo after seige
1072
War, Italy
Alfonso VI conquers Toledo causing panic among the remaining Muslim taifas
1085
War, Spain
Alfonso VI meets invading armies from the south, the Almoravids
1086
War, Spain
Urban II starts First Crusade in response to appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius
1095
War, Papacy
Christian Crusaders capture Jerusalem and slaughter inhabitants
1099
War, Islamic Empire
"The Anarchy" in England (1139-1154) when Matilda fights Stephen for crown
1120
War, England (<1707)
Gaozong establishes the Southern Song dynasty in Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou)
1127
War, China
Crusaders build Krak des Chevaliers in Syria
1131
War, Syria
Second Crusade abandons Edessa and begins with unsuccessful siege of Damascus
1148
War, Syria
Islam penetrates Indonesia
1150
War, Indonesia
Manuel victorious against Hungary, but Serbia (Stefan Nemanja) gains independence
1161
War, Byzantine Empire
Norman troops to Ireland--first significant English involvement in Irish affairs
1169
War, Ireland
Byzantine Emperor Manuel I has all Venetians in Constantinople arrested
1171
War, Byzantine Empire
Battle of Huete is turning point for Christian kingdoms in Reconquista
1172
War, Spain
King William I of Scotland accepts the feudal lordship of the English crown
1174
War, Scotland
Saladin, a Sunni Kurdish general, seizes Damascus and declares himself sultan
1174
War, Syria
Frederick I Barbarossa defeated by Lombard League at Battle of Leg Nano (Legnano)
1176
War, Italy
Minamota Yoshitsune (1/2 brother of Yoritomo) defeats Taira Samurai clan
1185
War, Japan
Bulgarian Empire reestablished after the Uprising of Asen and Peter
1185
War, Bulgaria
Minamoto Yoshitsune destroys the Taira clan at the Battle of Dan no Ura
1185
War, Japan
Saladin recovers Jerusalem for Muslims winning the Battle of Hattin
1187
War, Islamic Empire
Richard the Lionheart slaughters three thousand prisoners at Acre
1191
War, Middle East
Richard I (12,000 men) repels Saladin (20,000) men at Battle of Arsuf
1191
War, Middle East
Islamic presence in India ensured by Battle of Tarain--won by Mohammad of Ghor
1192
War, India
Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji destroys the university at Nalanda
1193
War, India
Almohad Caliphate defeats the Kingdom of Castile at Battle of Alarcos
1195
War, Spain
Philip II Augustus fights the Plantagenets in the Anglo-French War of 1202–14
1202
War, France
Constantinople attacked (1203) and sacked (1204) by Venetian & French Crusaders
1203
War, Middle East
French forces under Philip II capture Chateau Gaillard in Normandy
1204
War, Europe
Philip II Augustus becomes "first king of France" after capturing Rouen & Normandy
1204
War, France
Bulgarians under Emperor Kaloyan defeat Baldwin I at Battle of Adrianople
1205
War, Turkey
Nation of France is born and Germany is weakened at the Battle of Bouvines
1214
War, France
Damietta falls in 5th Crusade, but Crusaders cannot advance to Cairo
1219
War, Egypt
Sundiata, king of the Kieta & Islamic hero, conquers Ghana & makes Mali empire
1235
War, Sub-Saharan Africa
Ferdinand III captures Cordoba for the Reconquista after a seige of several months
1236
War, Spain
Mongol invasion of Rus' resumes (1237-1240)
1237
War, Russia
Swedish fleet invades Russia, but Prince Alexander victorious at Battle of Neva
1240
War, Russia
Keivan Rus' submits to Mongols (Batu Khan) becoming part of Golden Horde empire
1241
War, Russia
Mongols conquer Poland and Hungary but turn back from invasion of Europe
1241
War, Poland
Battle of Lake Peipus: Alexander Nevski leads Russians to defeat Teutonic Knights
1242
War, Russia
Mongols break up sultanate of Konya in Battle of Kose Dag
1243
War, Middle East
Khwarazmian Turks capture Jerusalem--Christians never to hold it again
1244
War, Israel
Louis IX the Saint leads two disastrous crusades
1248
War, France
The first of three Mongol invasions of Vietnam
1258
War, Vietnam
Hulegu leads Mongols to destroy Baghdad, vast library, and last Abbasid caliph
1258
War, Islamic Empire
Mamluks (led by Baibars) defeat Mongols at Battle of Ain Jalut in eastern Galilee
1260
War, Middle East
Michael VIII restores Byzantium as Latin Empire falls
1261
War, Byzantine Empire
Kublai Khan defeats Southern Song dynasty at the Battle of Xiangyang
1273
War, China
Kubai Khan invades Japan, but typhoon sinks about 4,000 Mongol ships
1281
War, Japan
Sicilian Vespers rebellion begins in Palermo to oust French rule by Charles I
1282
War, Italy
Sea Battle of Malta: King Pedro of Aragon defeats King Charles, Duke of Anjou
1283
War, Europe
End of Crusader states in Levant (Outremer) as Mamluks take Acre
1291
War, Middle East
Hindu-Buddhist Java-based Jajapahit empire succeeds the Sri-Vijaya empire;
1293
War, Indonesia
Edward I (Longshanks) invades Scotland
1296
War, England (<1707)
William Wallace, Scottish patriot, gruesomely executed in London by Edward I
1305
War, England (<1707)
Robert Bruce upholds Scottish independence defeating Edward II at Bannockburn
1314
War, Scotland
Turks win Battle of Brusa--Osman becomes the first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
1323
War, Islamic Empire
Battle of Sluys: A naval battle won by the English during the 100 Years' War
1340
War, Belgium
English/Welsh army uses longbow to defeat Philip VI at Crecy in northern France
1346
War, France
Edward the Black Prince defeats French king at the Battle of Poitiers
1356
War, France
Battle of Najera: Black Prince fights for Pedro the Cruel in Castilian civil war
1367
War, Spain
Portuguese defeat Castilians at the Battle of Aljubarrota
1385
War, Europe
King Joao preserves independence of Portugal by defeating army of Castile
1385
War, Portugal
Serbs lose Battle of Kosovo to Ottoman Turks beginning 4 centuries of Turkish rule
1389
War, Islamic Empire
Battle of Nicopolis: Crusaders lose to Ottoman Turks in Bulgaria
1396
War, Bulgaria
Timur the Lame sacks Baghdad
1401
War, Iraq
Timur the Lame defeats Ottoman Army
1402
War, Turkey
Bayezid I is captured by Tamerlane--interregnum of Ottoman Empire
1402
War, Turkey
Poland-Lithuania defeat German-Prussian Teutonic Knights at Battle of Tannenberg
1410
War, Poland
Outnumbered army of Henry V defeats the French at Agincourt
1415
War, France
Kingdom of Portugal conquers Ceuta
1415
War, Portugal
Battle of Vitkov: Hussite forces defend city of Prague attacked by Crusaders
1420
War, Czech Republic
Joan of Arc leads French to break English seige of Orleans
1429
War, France
Pachacuti founds Inca Empire after defeating Chanca at the capital in Cuzco
1438
War, Peru
Victory of Hungary led by Hunyadi over the Ottomans at the Battle of Szeben
1442
War, Hungary
Last Christian Crusade against Turks fails as Murad II wins Battle of Varna
1444
War, Ottoman Empire
Constantinople falls to Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II
1453
War, Turkey
Mehmed II defeated at Belgrade by peasant crusaders and Hungarian knights
1456
War, Serbia
Battle of Brunkeberg: Swedish rebels repel attack by Danish King Christian
1471
War, Denmark
Ottoman Empire conquers Khanate of Crimea and makes it a vassal state
1475
War, Europe
Richard III killed in Battle of Bosworth Field--ends War of Roses & York dynasty
1485
War, England (<1707)
King Ferdinand wins final battle of Reconquista to expel Moors from Granada
1492
War, Spain
Portuguese fleet opens trade route to India defeating Indian fleet at Diu
1509
War, India
Scottish king James IV and many nobles are killed at the Battle of Flodden
1513
War, England (<1707)
King Francis I defeats the Swiss at the Battle of Marignano
1515
War, Italy
Selim I leads Ottoman Empire to double in size with capture Egypt, Mecca & Medina
1517
War, Middle East
Cortes leads Spanish soldiers into Tenochtitlan and meets Moctezuma
1519
War, Mexico
Revolt of the Comuneros--Castile communities rebel against heavy taxation
1520
War, Spain
Hernan Cortes conquers Aztecs at Tenochtitlan
1521
War, Mexico
Suleiman forces Knights of St. John to leave Rhodes & form new base in Malta
1523
War, Greece
Charles V defeats French King Francis I at Pavia
1525
War, Italy
German Peasants' War ends at Frankenhausen with execution of Thomas Muntzer
1525
War, Germany
Beginning of Mughal Empire--Babur defeats Lodi Sultanate at the Battle of Panipat
1526
War, India
Sultan Suleiman defeats King Louis II at Battle of Mohacs--a disaster for Hungary
1526
War, Hungary
Mutinous imperial army sacks Rome bringing shame to Charles V
1527
War, Italy
First Ottoman siege of Vienna fails--ending Ottoman expansion in Europe
1529
War, Austria
Francisco Pizarro captures the Incan king, Atahualpa, at Cajamarca
1532
War, Peru
Bartolome de Casas writes about unjust treatment of Native Americans
1552
War, Global
Second pivotal Mughal victory at Panipat--this one won by 13-year old Akbar
1556
War, India
France wins back Calais as Mary I loses "the brightest jewel in the English crown"
1558
War, France
Knights of St. John force Ottomans to lift seige of Malta
1565
War, Malta
Dutch rebels defeat Spanish force at Heiligerlee, giving hope for independence
1568
War, Netherlands
Oda Nobunaga uses muskets, captures Kyoto, and begins unification of Japan
1568
War, Japan
Ottoman navy defeated at Battle of Lepanto in the last battle of oared galleys
1571
War, Turkey
Philip could not pay his troops, so they sack Antwerp to pay themselves
1576
War, Netherlands
Sebastiao, king of Portugal, dies in foolish crusade of the kingdom of Morocco
1578
War, Morocco
Spain wins Battle of Alcantara and takes control of Portugal
1580
War, Portugal
Francis Drake returns after capturing Spanish loot and circumnavigating the globe
1580
War, Global
Cossacks led by Yermak invade Siberia and defeat Tatars led by Khan Kuchum
1582
War, Russia
Francis Drake raids Spanish fleet at Cadiz prior to defeat of Spanish Armada
1587
War, Spain
Invading Spanish Armada defeated by English navy
1588
War, England (<1707)
Hideyoshi unifies Japan after siege of Odwara to eliminate the Hojo clan
1590
War, Japan
Second Jaga War begins in Zaire as a result of slave trading on the Angolan coast.
1590
War, DR Congo
Yi's Turtle Ships defeat Japanese invaders at the Battle of Sacheon
1592
War, Korea
Akbar threatens southern India after capturing the fort at Asirgarh
1599
War, India
Tokugawa clan wins Battle of Sekigahara to begin 260 years of peace & isolation
1600
War, Japan
Thirty Years War begins after two Catholic regents are thrown from window
1618
War, Europe
Magdeburg sacked by army of Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years War
1631
War, Germany
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, dies at the Battle of Lutzen
1632
War, Germany
Civil war begins in Britain as Charles I raises the royal standard
1642
War, England (<1707)
Duc d'Enghien leads French force to defeat invading Spanish army at Rocroi
1643
War, France
Ming Dynasty falls as rebels break through Great Wall and capture Beijing
1644
War, China
Manchus invade Korea, which becomes a vassal state in the Qing Dynasty
1644
War, Korea
Royalists defeated at Naseby by Sir Thomas Fairfax and New Model Army
1645
War, England (<1707)
In the First Fronde, nobles react to Mazarin by inciting the Paris mob to revolt
1648
War, France
Irish town of Drogheda is sacked by Cromwell's army
1649
War, Ireland
Battle of the Dunes
1658
War, France
New Amsterdam surrenders after 4 English ships with 300 troops enter harbor
1664
War, United States
Vienna survives second Ottoman siege after arrival of Christian relief army
1683
War, Austria
Bijapur annexed to Mughal Empire by Aurangzeb
1686
War, India
French invasion of Germany remembered as 'the devastation of the Palatinate'
1689
War, Europe
The Glencoe massacre occurred in Scotland following the Glorious Revolution
1692
War, England (<1707)
The Grand Alliance (British, Dutch & Austrian) defeats the French at Blenheim
1704
War, Germany
Charles XII (Sweden) is defeated by Peter the Great (Russia) at Battle of Poltava
1709
War, Ukraine
James II claims the throne, but Jacobite Rebellion in England & Scotland fails
1715
War, United Kingdom
Prince Eugene of Savoy repels Turks from the Balkans
1717
War, Serbia
Peter the Great establishes Table of Ranks, expands Russia & creates St Petersburg
1722
War, Russia
Safavid empire ends--Afghan ruler Mahmud invades Persia & lays siege to Isfahan
1722
War, Iran
Frederick the Great seizes Silesia to begin War of Austrian Succession
1740
War, Europe
Battle of Culloden in Scotland--last Jacobite rebellion against Hanoverian rule
1746
War, Scotland
Fort Duquesne built by French at location that is currently Pittsburgh
1754
War, United States
Indians attack fort of British East India Company & put prisoners in Black Hole
1756
War, India
Robert Clive wins Battle of Plassey after bribing the enemy's military commander
1757
War, India
Frederick the Great defeats French and allies at Battles of Rossbach and Leuthen
1757
War, Europe
Tide begins to turn for British against the French in the Seven Years' War
1758
War, North America
General Wolfe is killed as British capture Quebec
1759
War, Canada
In India, the decisive battle was lost by the French at Wandiwash near Pondicherry
1760
War, India
At the Peace of Paris, French lose and Poland becomes a satellite of Russia
1763
War, Europe
Major defeat of Ottomans by Russian fleet in the Mediterranean Sea
1770
War, Europe
Partition of Poland agreed to by Russia, Prussia, and Austria
1772
War, Poland
George Washington becomes commander of Continental Army
1775
War, United States
Washington crosses the Delaware and defeats German mercenaries at Trenton
1776
War, United States
Americans seize momentum as Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga
1777
War, United States
Benjamin Franklin's diplomatic feat: France recognizes American independence
1778
War, Europe & America
Battle of Monmouth
1778
War, United States
Tupac Amaru II, a Jesuit-educated Incan, is executed after leading a revolt
1781
War, Peru
Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown
1781
War, United States
Newburgh Conspiracy: Washington leads fellow officers in Newburgh Address
1783
War, United States
French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille
1789
War, France
French Revolution continues as mob storms the Tuileries Palace
1792
War, France
British East India Company troops defeat Tippoo in the Third Mysore War
1792
War, India
French defeat invading Austro-Prussian army at Battle of Valmy
1792
War, France
The French Revolutionary Wars were imploding in 1793 after several defeats
1793
War, Europe
Third partition of Poland follows revolt against Russian rule led by Kosciuszko
1795
War, Poland
Spain begins 10-year war with Britain--Spanish navy overwhelmed
1796
War, Europe
Beginning of White Lotus Rebellion in Central China (1796-1799)
1796
War, China
Napoleon shows military genius in Battle of Rivoli and occupies northern Italy
1797
War, Italy
In August, Nelson destroys French fleet in Egypt confirming superior British Navy
1798
War, Egypt
In July, Napoleon arrives in Egypt on a military and scientific expedition
1798
War, Egypt
British forces defeat the United Irishmen and French forces in Ireland
1798
War, Ireland
Dutch government takes control of Indonesia after expiration of VOC charter
1799
War, Indonesia
Napoleon's army defeats Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz
1805
War, Austria
Nelson killed but British Navy defeats fleets of Spain & France at Trafalgar
1805
War, Spain
Napoleon defeats Prussian army at the Battle of Jena/Auerstadt
1806
War, Germany
Napoleon meets Tsar Alexander I at Niemen River to discuss European policy
1807
War, Lithuania
Harrison and Indiana militia defeat Indians at Battle of Prophetstown (Tippecanoe)
1811
War, United States
In September, Battle of Borodino--Napoleon fails to destroy Russian army
1812
War, Russia
In June, Russia is invaded by Napoleon with an army of 600,000 men
1812
War, Russia
Alexander I wins victory over Napoleon I
1812
War, Russia
Battle of Vitoria in June ends the Peninsular War--Wellington defeats King Joseph
1813
War, Spain
Battle of Leipzig in October finds recipe to defeat Napoleon--unite against him
1813
War, Germany
In March, Russians, Prussians and Austrians enter Paris--Napoleon abdicates
1814
War, France
In August, British attack Washington and Baltimore in War of 1812
1814
War, United States
End of serious military power of Americans Indians in pre-Civil War United States
1814
War, United States
Britain has complete victory in Napoleonic Wars
1815
War, United Kingdom
On June 18, Wellington and Marshal Blucher defeat Napoleon at Waterloo
1815
War, Netherlands
Andrew Jackson proclaims provisional government to citizens of Pensacola
1818
War, United States
Simon Bolivar forms Republic of Great Colombia after military victories
1819
War, Colombia
Greeks call for rebellion against Turkish rule
1821
War, Greece
Peru declares independence from Spain despite resistance of Spanish loyalists
1821
War, Peru
Royalist forces defeated at Battle of Ayacucho to secure independence of Peru
1824
War, Peru
A combined British, Russian, and French fleet attacks the Ottomans at Navarino
1827
War, Greece
Algeria seized by the French
1830
War, Algeria
Mexican army & Santa Anna defeats Texans at the Alamo (Feb. 23-March 6, 1836)
1836
War, Mexico
Battle of San Jacinto: Sam Houston & Texans defeat Mexican army on April 21, 1836
1836
War, United States
Zulus kill Boer leader Pieter Retief and his Voortrekkers (pioneers)
1838
War, South Africa
The Opium War begins after China's expulsion of the British
1839
War, China
British force weak Qing Empire to sign Treaty of Nanking
1842
War, China
In Anglo-Afghan War, British soldiers and civilians are massacred at Gandamak Pass
1842
War, Afghanistan
Winfield Scott defeats Santa Anna in Mexico City to end the U.S.-Mexican War
1847
War, Mexico
British win decisively at Gujarat in Second Anglo-Sikh War
1849
War, India
Taiping Rebellion begins in 1851
1851
War, China
Battle of Synop
1853
War,
Charge of the British Light Brigade in the Crimean War
1854
War, Russia
Indians mutiny in British army because of new cartridges containing meat fat
1857
War, India
War of Reform begins between Conservatives (Mexico City) & Liberals (Veracruz)
1857
War, Mexico
French and British armies sack the Summer Palace in Beijing
1860
War, China
Garibaldi arrives in Sicily with his 1200 men aboard two steamers
1860
War, Italy
Civil War begins when Confederates attack Fort Sumter
1861
War, United States
Battle of Antietam after Lee crosses the Potomac River to invade Pennsylvania
1862
War, United States
In July, Union stops Confederates at Battle of Gettysburg--a turning point
1863
War, United States
Gordon helps Chinese Qing dynasty defeat the Taiping rebellion
1864
War, China
Sherman captures Atlanta and then leads destructive March to the Sea
1864
War, United States
On April 9, Civil War ends as Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox
1865
War, United States
Battle of Koniggratz--Austria defeated & Prussia gains control of northern Germany
1866
War, Germany
Napoleon III loses empire and united Germany born at the Battle of Sedan
1870
War, France
Algerian rising against the French
1871
War, Algeria
General Custer killed at Little Big Horn
1876
War, United States
Chile declares war against Bolivia & Peru over mineral-rich Atacama Desert
1879
War, Chile
British defeated by Zulu forces at Isandhlwana
1879
War, South Africa
France seizes Tunis
1881
War, Tunisia
Britain begins domination of Egypt after bombing and occupying Alexandria
1882
War, United Kingdom
Khartoum falls to Mahdists and "Chinese" Gordon is killed
1885
War, Sub-Saharan Africa
Wounded Knee massacre marks end of wars against Native Americans
1890
War, United States
Italian forces lose to Ethiopians at Adowa
1896
War, Ethiopia
Sinking of Maine leads to Spanish-American War and ends Spanish rule in Cuba
1898
War, Cuba
Battle of Omdurman--British get revenge at Khartoum using machine guns
1898
War, Sudan
Boxer's Rebellion in China is xenophobic and anti-modern
1900
War, China
Japanese navy defeat the Russian Baltic fleet at the Battle of Tsushima
1905
War, Japan
Japanese defeat Russians at Battle of Mukden and occupy all of southern Manchuria
1905
War, China
Britain launches HMS Dreadnought to establish its naval supremacy
1906
War, United Kingdom
Sun Yat-sen leads uprisings against Manchus
1906
War, China
Japan annexes Korea
1910
War, Korea
Dutch complete expansion to control all of Indonesia
1910
War, Indonesia
Ottoman Empires joins Germany in World War I
1914
War, Turkey
Allies defeat German Army in the First Battle of the Marne or Miracle of the Marne
1914
War, France
In June, Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Serbian nationalist-- war begins
1914
War, Bosnia-Herzegovina
In August, first military action in World War I--Germany invades Belgium
1914
War, Belgium
In April, allies land at Gallipoli to execute Churchill's plan to cut off Turkey
1915
War, Turkey
Passenger liner Lusitania sunk by German submarine--a factor drawing U.S. into war
1915
War, Global
Nurse Edith Cavell discovered aiding Belgian soldiers and executed by Germans
1915
War, Belgium
Turkish massacre of Armenians
1915
War, Middle East
Japan issues 21 Demands
1915
War, East Asia
China enters warlord era (1916-1926)
1916
War, China
Brusilov Offensive leads to failure of monarchies in Russia and Austria
1916
War, Ukraine
In February, Germans begin Battle of Verdun in France
1916
War, France
Easter Rising in Dublin is against British rule
1916
War, Ireland
In May, Battle of Jutland in North Sea--both Germany and Britain claimed victory
1916
War, Denmark
In July, Battle of the Somme begins--57,000 British casualties from machine guns
1916
War, France
French ship explodes in Halifax, Nova Scotia
1917
War, Canada
Germany's ill-judged attempt to lure Mexico into war backfires
1917
War, Global
In October, Ottoman rule over Arabs ends as Damascus falls to General Allenby
1918
War, Syria
Allies defeat Germans in final offensive at Second Battle of Marne
1918
War, France
Amritsar massacre--British open fire on Indian demonstrators killing hundreds
1919
War, India
Poland defeats Red Army at Battle of Warsaw to stop spread of Communism
1920
War, Poland
Chiang K'ai-shek begins Northern Expedition (1926-1927)
1926
War, China
Chiang K'ai-shek attacks CCP--surviving Communists flee & establish Red Army
1927
War, China
Chiang K'ai-shek attacks CCP base area & Mao Zedong starts "people's war"
1928
War, China
The Manchurian Incident--Japanese soldiers invade and occupy Manchuria
1931
War, China
Ibn Saud unites the four regions of Saudi Arabia into a single state
1932
War, Saudi Arabia
Chiang K'ai-shek forces Red Army out of South China
1934
War, China
Red Army under Mao Zedong finishes one-year Long March to Yenan
1935
War, China
Mussolini's forces invade Ethiopia--Addis Ababa falls and Haile Selassie flees
1935
War, Ethiopia
General Franco decides to join revolt called by General Mola
1936
War, Spain
Japan signs Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany
1936
War, Japan
Chiang K'ai-shek forms second united front with CCP
1937
War, China
In July, Sino-Japanese War begins on Marco Polo bridge south of Beijing
1937
War, East Asia
Franco tries to cover up bombing of Guernica to destroy Basque nationalism
1937
War, Spain
In December, Japanese invade Shanghai & then commits atrocities in Nanking
1937
War, East Asia
In March, Hitler defies Treaty of Versailles to form Germany/Austria Anschluss
1938
War, Germany
Guomindang government retreats to Chongquing--supplied through Burma Road
1938
War, China
UK, France & Italy sign the Munich Agreement: Germany annexes west Czechoslovakia
1938
War, Europe
In September, Hitler & Russia invade Poland and bring Britain & France into war
1939
War, Poland
General Franco enters Madrid and ends civil war
1939
War, Spain
In March, Hitler invades Prague
1939
War, Czech Republic
Einstein warns President Roosevelt that nuclear weapons are threat to humanity
1939
War, United States
Russian army defeats Japanese in undeclared border war at Khalkhin Gol
1939
War, Mongolia
In December, London suffers from heaviest bombing of the war
1940
War, United Kingdom
In June, Nazis capture Paris without opposition
1940
War, France
In May, British forces evacuated from continent at Dunkirk
1940
War, France
In May, Germany invades Holland and Belgium with Blitzkrieg
1940
War, Europe
In September, Japan enters war by invading northern Indochina
1940
War, Japan
Flying Tigers supply Chiang's army by air (1941-1942)
1941
War, China
In June, Hitler attacks Russia with 4 million soldiers to destroy Soviet Union
1941
War, Russia
In May, enigma machine captured from sinking submarine helps Allies win war
1941
War, United Kingdom
In September, seige of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) begins
1941
War, Russia
In December, Japanese attack Pearl Harbor destroying part of the U.S. fleet
1941
War, United States
From September-December, Germans fail to capture Moscow at Battle of Moscow
1941
War, Russia
Japanese occupy Indonesia
1942
War, Indonesia
In October, Nazis launch the first V-2 rockets to strike Antwerp and London
1942
War, Europe
In June, U.S. Navy defeats Japanese in the Pacific at Battle of Midway
1942
War, Pacific Islands
In February, humiliated British surrender to weakened Japanese in Singapore
1942
War, Singapore
In January, Nazis adopt mass killing as "final solution to Jewish problem"
1942
War, Europe
In July, Soviets repel Blitzkrieg at Battle of Kursk involving about 6,000 tanks
1943
War, Russia
In February, Hitler protests but German army surrenders at Stalingrad (Volgograd)
1943
War, Russia
Allies defeat Italy
1943
War, Europe
Japan withdrawals troops from Guadalcanal in February 1943
1943
War, Japan
US forces begin landing on Saipan in Mariana Islands
1944
War, Japan
In August, Paris is liberated as the German army is retreating from Normandy
1944
War, Europe
In January, seige lifts on Leningrad the "Hero City of the Soviet Union"
1944
War, Russia
In June, more than 125,000 troops (American, British & Canadian) invade Normandy
1944
War, Europe
In July, plot to assassinate Hitler with a bomb at Wolf's Lair headquarters fails
1944
War, Germany
On August 6, a nuclear bomb destroys the city of Hiroshima
1945
War, Japan
On April 30, Hitler commits suicide as Allies enter Berlin
1945
War, Germany
In January, Red Army advancing into Poland finds killing factories of Holocaust
1945
War, Poland
In February, Marines raise United States flag on Japanese soil in Iwo Jima
1945
War, Pacific Islands
On February 14, Dresden, almost untouched by bombing so far, is razed in firestorm
1945
War, Germany
In April through June, Americans fight and win Battle of Okinawa
1945
War, Pacific Islands
More than 1 million Filipino noncombatants killed during Second World War
1945
War, Philippines
Japan surrenders after a second atomic bomb destroys Nagasaki on August 9
1945
War, Japan
Kennan's "long telegram" becomes the basis for US foreign policy with the USSR
1946
War, Global
Mao Zedong & Chiang K'ai-shek talk peace, but prepare for war
1946
War, China
Churchill gives his famous "Iron Curtain Speech" in Fulton, Missouri
1946
War, United States
Jewish terrorists bomb the King David hotel--persuades British to leave Palestine
1946
War, Israel
Allied airlift to Berlin counters Soviet blockade & allows democratic West Germany
1948
War, Germany
After years of civil war, Communists seize power after Huaihai Campaign
1948
War, China
USSR explodes first atomic weapon
1949
War, Global
First UN military action successful in defeating North Korea at Battle of Inchon
1950
War, Korea
People's Republic of China claims sovereignty over Tibet
1950
War, China
North Korea invades South Korea--UN Security Council asks members to oppose
1950
War, Korea
Soviet spy scandal--"Cambridge Spies" Burgess and MacLean defect to Soviet Union
1951
War, Russia
East Germans strike against communist regime--leads to brain drain & Berlin Wall
1953
War, Germany
CIA-engineered coup in Iran--Mossadeq ejected & oil company returned to Britain
1953
War, Iran
French lose to communists in Vietnam and United States is drawn into the conflict
1954
War, Vietnam
Algeria battles for independence
1954
War, Algeria
Hungary revolts against Soviet rule in October and is crushed in November
1956
War, Hungary
In July, Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal, provoking conflict with Britain & France
1956
War, Middle East
Cubans welcome Castro's army into Havana & Castro becomes Prime Minister
1959
War, Cuba
Dalai Lama flees Tibet and is forced into exile in India
1959
War, China
Khrushchev begins building Berlin Wall to keep East Germans in
1961
War, Germany
U.S. supports failed invasion of Cuba at Bay of Pigs
1961
War, Americas
President Kennedy deals with Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
War, Global
President Kennedy powerful speech in Berlin ends Soviet's plan to dominate city
1963
War, Germany
U.S. strikes North Vietnam with bombing campaign that lasts for 3 years
1965
War, Vietnam
Nigerian civil war: Christians form Biafra to break away from Muslims in north
1967
War, Nigeria
Communist hero Che Guevara is hunted down and shot in Bolivia
1967
War, Bolivia
Israel defeats Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in Six-Day War
1967
War, Middle East
Soviet army enters Czechoslovakia to suppress reforms of Dubcek's government
1968
War, Europe
Tet Offensive disrupts South Vietnam and perceived as a defeat to Americans
1968
War, Vietnam
My Lai Massacre fuels American and international revulsion toward Vietnam War
1968
War, Vietnam
In March 1969, fighting occurs on Sino-Soviet border
1969
War, China
British shootings (Bloody Sunday) in Northern Ireland provoke international outcry
1972
War, United Kingdom
Massacre in Munich--horror & murder in the Olympic Games celebrating peace
1972
War, Germany
United States & North Vietnam cease fire--North forces allowed to stay in South
1973
War, Global
Arabs strike during Yom Kippur--with U.S. help, Israel victory within 3 weeks
1973
War, Global
Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge take control in Cambodia
1975
War, Cambodia
Israeli commandos defeat hostage takers at Entebbe, Uganda
1976
War, Uganda
Soviet Union invades Afghanistan to assist a pro-Soviet party opposed by Muslims
1979
War, Middle East
U.S. hostage crisis in Iran after Ayatollah Khomeini takes power
1979
War, Middle East
Sandinistas take power in Nicaragua
1979
War, Nicaragua
Argentina's military junta invades Falkland Islands & Britain sends naval force
1982
War, Global
Massacre in Beirut by Christian Lebanese after Israeli invasion 3 months earlier
1982
War, Middle East
Europeans protest decision to place U.S. "Pershing 2" cruise missiles in Europe
1983
War, Europe
Lebanese Shi'a suicide bombers in Beirut kill U.S. Marines & French paratroopers
1983
War, Lebanon
"Star Wars" initiative--Reagan proposes to launch missiles from outer space
1983
War, United States
France's nuclear testing program abandoned after sinking of Rainbow Warrior
1985
War, France
Reagan's retaliation--U.S. bombs Libya
1986
War, Libya
Defiance in the streets--Palestinian Intifada begins in the Jabalia refugee camp
1987
War, Israel
Libyan terrorist identified as bomber of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie
1988
War, Libya
Iraq uses chemical weapons on Kurdish population in Halabja
1988
War, Iraq
Iraq invades Kuwait and seizes oil reserves--invasion condemned by U.N.
1990
War, Kuwait
Iraqis ousted from Kuwait by coalition forces in Operation Desert Storm
1991
War, Global
Battle of Mogadishu
1993
War, Somalia
Members of a cult attack Tokyo subway commuters with Sarin, a nerve poison
1995
War, Japan
Thousands of Muslims massacred in Srebrenica, Bosnia by Serbian troops
1995
War, Bosnia-Herzegovina
Right-wing extremists bomb governmental offices in Oklahoma City
1995
War, United States
Sierra Leone Civil War begins in 1996 and ends in 2001
1996
War, Sierra Leone
India and Pakistan test nuclear bombs
1998
War, South Asia
Terrorists (Islamic fundamentalists) destroy Twin Towers
2001
War, Global
Terrorist (Islamic fundamentalists) explode two bombs in Bali
2002
War, Indonesia
Baghdad falls to coalition forces
2003
War, Iraq
Terrorists (Islamic fundamentalists) bomb railway stations at rush hour in Madrid
2004
War, Spain
Suicide bombers (Islamic fundamentalists) kill 56 & injure more than 700 in London
2005
War, United Kingdom
Creation of Islamic State of Iraq (ISI)
2006
War, Iraq
Secret U.S. operation in Pakistan--Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaeda leader, is killed
2011
War, Pakistan
Colonel Gaddafi killed by rebels during Libyan Civil War
2011
War, Libya
Benghazi attack--Islamic militant group against US government facilities in Libya
2012
War, Libya
Operation Pillar of Defense in Gaza Strip after rocket attacks on Israel
2012
War, Israel
Syrian Civil War: Fighting reaches Damascus and then Aleppo
2012
War, Syria
Boston marathon bombing
2013
War, United States
Islamic State of Iraq begins seizing control of territory in Syria
2013
War, Iraq
Fighting in Ukraine and Crimea--Russia annexes Crimea
2014
War, Ukraine
Rise of brutal terror group (Islamic State of Iraq & the Levant (ISIS or ISIL))
2014
War, Middle East
United States begins military air campaign against northern Iraq and Syria
2014
War, Middle East
Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris
2015
War, France
ISIS forces in Syrian war: 250,000 people killed since beginning in 2011
2015
War, Syria
Islamic State at height of control over people in western Syria & eastern Iraq
2015
War, Syria
Syria recaptures Palmyra from IS
2016
War, Syria
ISIS bombs kill 32 in Brussels, Belgium
2016
War, Belgium
Syrian Civil War--ISIS loses Jarabulus to Turkish army and Syrian rebels
2016
War, Syria
Iraqi forces defeat IS and liberate Mosul
2017
War, Iraq
Islamic State loses Raqqa to Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces
2017
War, Syria
Iraq defeats Islamic State and wins control of Iraqi-Syrian border
2017
War, Middle East
President Donald Trump announces that IS is close to defeat
2019
War, Middle East