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Archimedes discovers how to measure density
-250
Science, Italy
Caliph al-Mamun founds astronomical observatory in Baghdad
828
Science, Islamic Empire
Constantine the African translates the great masters of Arabic medicine
1100
Science, Italy
Gerard of Cremona translates scientific books from Arabic into Latin in Toledo
1175
Science, Spain
Hulegu constructs an observatory at Maragha (northwest Iran)
1259
Science, Iran
Nasir al-Din Tusi publishes revision of Ptolemaic astronomy
1260
Science, Iran
Copernicus publishes book showing that the earth revolves around the sun
1543
Science, Poland
Galileo discovers 4 moons of Jupiter with homemade telescope
1610
Science, Italy
William Harvey, anatomist, explains the heart as a pump in circulation of blood
1628
Science, England (<1707)
Isaac Newton describes motion of apples and planets in "Principia Mathematica"
1687
Science, England (<1707)
Carolus Linnaeus systematically classifies minerals, plants, and animals
1735
Science, Sweden
The excavation of Pompeii begins
1748
Science, Italy
Diderot publishes Encyclopedie, the "Bible of the European Enlightenment"
1751
Science, France
Benjamin Franklin experiments with electricity in a thunderstorm using a kite
1752
Science, United States
Landmark publication by Morgagni on human anatomy
1761
Science, Italy
The discovery of Nitrogen in 1772 brought on an agricultural revolution
1772
Science, Scotland
Thomas Malthus publishes "Essay on Population"
1798
Science, United Kingdom
Rosetta Stone discovered in Egypt--engraved with 3 languages
1799
Science, Egypt
Humphrey Davy predicts nitrous oxide (laughing gas) will be used as anesthetic
1799
Science, United Kingdom
Charles Darwin serves as botanist on the HMS Beagle's trip to South America
1831
Science, Americas
Louis Pasteur demonstrates that fermentation is caused by living microorganisms
1859
Science, France
Charles Darwin causes an intellectual storm publishing The Origin of Species
1859
Science, United Kingdom
Mendeleev presents periodic table of elements to Russian Chemical Society
1869
Science, Russia
Marie and Pierre Curie discover radium
1898
Science, France
Sigmund Freud publishes "The Interpretation of Dreams"
1899
Science, Germany
Max Planck discovers quantum theory
1900
Science, Germany
Albert Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity
1905
Science, Switzerland
Hiram Bingham discovers Machu Picchu in Peru
1911
Science, Peru
Niels Bohr discovers structure of the atom
1913
Science, Denmark
Eddington photos of solar eclipse confirm Einstein's Theory of General Relativity
1919
Science, United Kingdom
Howard Carter discovers Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor
1922
Science, Egypt
Edwin Hubble publishes his discoveries of other galaxies
1925
Science, United States
Otto Hahn detects nuclear fission after bombarding uranium with neutrons
1938
Science, Germany
Stone Age cave art discovered in Lascaux, France
1940
Science, France
Melvin Calvin discovers photosynthesis
1946
Science, United States
Hubble space telescope launched as project of Europe and United States
1990
Science, Global
"Dolly" the sheep cloned
1997
Science, United Kingdom
Having begun in 1990, the Human Genome Project draft is completed
2000
Science, Global
Development of Ebola vaccine stops threat of Ebola spreading
2019
Science, Global
Pharmaceutical companies develop COVID-19 vaccine to stop pandemic
2020
Science, Global
Pfizer announces antiviral drug is 88% effective reducing hospitalization/death
2021
Science, Global